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Agent Cloud is specialized cloud infrastructure for persistent agents: durable workspaces, resumable execution, sandboxed tools, model access, event streams, checkpoints, and per-instance metering.
Ordinary cloud infrastructure supplies compute, storage, networking, and databases. Agent Cloud services add the runtime needed to preserve agent instances and their work across sessions. An Agent Application Platform sits above that infrastructure. It may use an Agent Cloud, provide the same services itself, or assemble them from ordinary cloud components. The platform handles project packaging, releases, instances, identity and authority, fleet operations, distribution, costs, billing, and monetization. An Agent Cloud can support more than one model, harness, or framework. Current platforms cover different parts of this layer. Section 17 of the paper compares Karta, Amazon Bedrock AgentCore, Vercel Eve, and Pickaxe.